Cobbler自动化部署

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cobbler官方文档

cobbler安装

虚拟机网卡使用建议使用NAT模式，并且将NAT模式的DHCP服务关闭。
DHCP服务

  1. 环境准备
    将主机的防火墙和selinux关闭。
  2. 安装cobbler
    这里使用阿里镜像站中的epel源进行安装。 
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    yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd
    systemctl start httpd cobblerd
    systemctl enable httpd cobblerd
  3. 查看安装后的相关文件 
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    /etc/cobbler                  # 配置文件目录
    /etc/cobbler/settings         # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python写的程序。
    /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template    # DHCP服务的配置模板
    /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template   # tftp服务的配置模板
    /etc/cobbler/rsync.template   # rsync服务的配置模板
    /etc/cobbler/iso              # iso模板配置文件目录 
    /etc/cobbler/pxe              # pxe模板文件目录
    /etc/cobbler/power            # 电源的配置文件目录
    /etc/cobbler/users.conf       # Web服务授权配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/users.digest     # 用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
    /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template # DNS服务的配置模板
    /etc/cobbler/modules.conf     # Cobbler模块配置文件
    /var/lib/cobbler              # Cobbler数据目录
    /var/lib/cobbler/config       # 配置文件
    /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts   # 默认存放kickstart文件
    /var/lib/cobbler/loaders      # 存放的各种引导程序
    /var/www/cobbler              # 系统安装镜像目录
    /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror    # 导入的系统镜像列表
    /var/www/cobbler/images       # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
    /var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum源存储目录
    /var/log/cobbler              # 日志目录
    /var/log/cobbler/install.log  # 客户端系统安装日志
    /var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  # cobbler日志

配置cobbler

  1. 检查cobbler 
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    ~]# cobbler check
    The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

    1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
    2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
    3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
    5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
    6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
    7 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
    8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
    9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

    Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
    上面列出来的问题需要进行修改,cobbler的配置都存储在/etc/cobbler/settings。 
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    1. server   修改/etc/cobbler/settings
    server: 192.168.27.3

    2. next_server   修改/etc/cobbler/settings
    next_server: 192.168.27.3

    3. tftp_server   修改/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
    disable = no

    4. boot-loaders
    cobbler get-loaders

    5. rsyncd
    systemctl start rsyncd
    systemctl enable rsyncd

    6. debmirror 可忽略

    7. pykickstart 
    yum -y install pykickstart

    8. 设置后面安装系统的初始化登录密码
    openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` 'admin'

    9. fencing tools
    yum -y install fence-agents

配置DHCP

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1.修改/etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp = 1 

2. vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.27.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {         #分配的网段和掩码
     option routers             192.168.27.1;       #网关地址
     option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;            #dns地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;      #分配的IP的掩码
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.27.100 192.168.27.254;      #分配的IP的范围

同步cobbler配置

同步cobbler配置，它会根据配置自动修改dhcp等服务。

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cobbler sync

同步完成后就可以创建一个新的虚拟机开启后，查看是否可以从DHCP中拉取到。

cobbler命令

命令 说明
cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report 列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync 同步配置到数据目录，更改配置最好都执行一下
cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库
cobbler distro 查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system 查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile 查看配置信息

cobbler安装配置centos

将镜像挂载

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mkdir /mnt/cdrom 
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

导入镜像

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cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=centos7.6 --arch=x86_64

查看导入后镜像信息

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cobbler distro report --name=centos7.6-x86_64

Name                           : centos7.6-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos7.6-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel6
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

查看profile信息

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[root@clone cdrom]# cobbler profile report --name=centos7.6-x86_64
Name                           : centos7.6-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos7.6-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

copy一份profile文件(ks)，进行修改

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cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
cp sample_end.ks centos7.ks
vim centos7.ks

# This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7.
# For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file.

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text      ## 使用文本模式安装
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disable   ## 防火墙选项
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us    ## 选择键盘
# System language
lang en_US     ## 选择语言
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Reboot after installation
reboot

#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted   
# SELinux configuration  
selinux --disabled  ## SELinux配置
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install        ##安装系统而不是升级
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart

%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages  ## 想安装的软件包
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
tree
vim
nmap
wget
lftp
net-tools
lrzsz
telnet
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps
%end

编辑centos7.6镜像所使用的kickstart文件

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cobbler profile edit --name=centos7.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

同步cobbler配置

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cobbler sync

创建一个虚拟机进行测试

创建的虚拟内存要大于2G
test
选中后回车即可进行安装。